Free-space optics (FSO) is a wireless communication technology that uses light beams to transmit data through the air. It is a line-of-sight communication method that can achieve high data transfer rates over relatively short distances, typically up to a few kilometers. FSO systems use lasers or light-emitting diodes to transmit data, and receivers to capture the light signal and convert it back into digital data. FSO technology is particularly useful in situations where traditional wired or wireless communication methods are impractical or expensive to deploy, such as in urban areas with high levels of electromagnetic interference, or in environments where laying cables or installing towers is difficult. FSO systems are also often used as a backup or complementary communication solution to existing wired networks, providing a high-speed, secure communication channel in case of network outages or failures. Research in the field of free-space optics focuses on improving the efficiency, reliability, and performance of FSO systems, as well as developing new applications for the technology. This includes efforts to increase data transfer rates, extend the range of FSO communication, improve signal stability in adverse weather conditions, and reduce the cost and complexity of FSO deployments. Overall, FSO technology holds great promise for enabling high-speed, secure, and cost-effective wireless communication in a wide range of settings.